Perioperative Myomectomy Outcomes Based on the Current Coding Rules Comparing Leiomyoma Burden and Surgical Approach

OBJECTIVE: To assess postoperative outcomes based on surgical approach for myomectomies with increasing leiomyoma burden. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2014 to 2019 of benign myomectomy procedures. These cases were categorized into "smaller" and "larger" procedures based on leiomyoma burden. Smaller myomectomies included leiomyomas weighing less than 250 g or with one-four leiomyomas (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] codes 58545 and 58140); larger myomectomies included leiomyomas weighing 250 g or more or with five or more leiomyomas (CPT codes 58546 and 58146). Postoperative complications estimated using the Clavien-Dindo classification system were compared based on surgical approach. RESULTS: Of 8,363 total myomectomy procedures, 3,117 (37.3%) were performed using minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and 5,246 (62.7%) were performed using laparotomy. Among MIS cases, 2,080 (66.7%) were categorized as smaller myomectomies and 1,037 (33.3%) cases as larger myomectomies. Among laparotomy cases, 2,587 (49.3%) were smaller myomectomies, and 2,659 (50.7%) were larger myomectomies. Regardless of myomectomy size, MIS was associated with a lower perioperative blood transfusion rate than laparotomy (1.63% vs 8.93%, respectively, P<.01). Laparotomy was associated with an increased rate of minor complications (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.86 (95% CI 2.24-3.67) for smaller leiomyoma burden (11.91% vs 4.28%) and for larger leiomyoma burden (21.59% vs 6.75%, aOR 3.43, 95% CI 2.64-4.47) cases. Laparotomy demonstrated an increased cumulative major complication rate (3.31% vs 1.25%) (aOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.35-4.45) for larger myomectomies. CONCLUSION: A minimally invasive surgical approach for both smaller and larger myomectomies was associated with fewer minor complications compared with laparotomy. Minimally invasive surgery for larger myomectomies was associated with fewer cumulative major complications compared with laparotomy.