Enhanced heat transfer in Maxwell bio-nanofluid flow in a blood arterial: a modified thermal flux model

Nowadays, gold (Au) nanoparticles are widely used in nanomedicine due to their physicochemical features. Maxwell model is the most relevant non-Newtonian model to characterize the blood-based nanofluids due to their viscoelastic nature. Because of this, a mathematical model was established to investigate the enhanced heat transfer in Maxwell bio-nanofluid (blood-Au) flow across a stenosed artery. A modified thermal flux is used to enhance the blood heat transfer, which is helpful in anticancer therapy. The gold nanoparticles are made with fresh moringa oleifera leaves using biosynthesis. The thermic heat, particle shape, magnetic field, and dissipative effects are incorporated to make the problem more realistic. The impact of physical features on flow and thermal areas is examined numerically. It is significant to mention that the suspension of gold nanoparticles in blood in the existence of modified Fourier thermal flux effectively enhances the heat transfer in blood. Also, the blood-Au (lamina) combination heat transfer rate is higher than the blood-Au (spherical) combination. This is very useful in nano drug delivery.