Particle convective heat transfer near the wall in a supercritical water fluidized bed by single particle model coupled with CFD-DEM

Supercritical water fluidized bed (SCWFB) is a promising reactor to gasify biomass or coal. Its optimization design is closely related to wall-to-bed heat transfer, where particle convective heat transfer plays an important role. This paper evaluates the particle convective heat transfer coefficient (hpc) at the wall in SCWFB using the single particle model. The critical parameters in the single particle model which is difficult to get experimentally are obtained by the computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM). The contact statistics related to particle-to-wall heat transfer, such as contact number and contact distance, are also presented. The results show that particle residence time (τ), as the key parameter to evaluate hpc, is found to decrease with rising velocity, while increase with larger thermal boundary layer thickness. τ follows a gamma function initially adopted in the gas–solid fluidized bed, making it possible to evaluate hpc in SCWFB by a simplified single particle model. The theoretical predicted hpc tends to increase with rising thermal gradient thickness at a lower velocity (1.5 Umf), while first decreases and then increases at higher velocity (1.75 and 2 Umf). hpc occupies 30%–57% of the overall wall-to-bed heat transfer coefficient for a particle diameter of 0.25 mm. The results are helpful to predict the overall wall-to-bed heat transfer coefficient in SCWFB combined with a reasonable fluid convective heat transfer model from a theoretical perspective.