(Invited) Design of Robust Multiplexed Optical Nanosensors for In Vivo Disease Detection

The rapid, minimally-invasive detection of diverse analytes in vivo remains a goal for the diagnosis of cancer and related diseases. Toward this end, we are designing nanosensors based on the optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) for use both in patients and at the bedside. SWCNT fluorescence is in the near-infrared window for biological imaging, is stable upon laser excitation, and responds rapidly to changes in its local environment. We are approaching the design of multiplexed implantable biomarker sensors through several routes, including developing novel bioconjugate chemistry approaches to antibodies and other molecular recognition elements to improve sensitivity of the sensors. We are also evaluating molecular tools to screen non-specific interactions within the local environment, improving the selectivity of these sensors. In parallel, we are using aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) methods to allow for separation of single-chirality SWCNT prior to bioconjugate chemistry approaches, allowing for specific detection of multiple analytes at once. Finally, we are exploring various hydrogel systems to allow for their immobilization upon injection into living systems and repeated monitoring of local biomarker concentrations. We expect these approaches to further bridge the translation of sensor devices toward clinical diagnostic tools. We hope to deploy SWCNT-based sensors to detect disease at early stages, evaluate disease response to treatment, and monitor disease progression. These aims will allow physicians to make rapid, informed decisions on patient prognosis and treatment.