Prepared carbon dots from wheat straw for detection of Cu2+ in cells and zebrafish and room temperature phosphorescent anti-counterfeiting

•The prepared two carbon dots based on wheat straw emerge dual-function luminescence characteristics, fluorescence is used for detection of Cu2+ and RTP for information security.•The blue carbon dots of Cu2+ was prepared by one-step carbonization method, and the detection selectivity and interference performance were satisfactory.•The CDs was successfully applied to image the contents of Cu2+ in living cells and zebrafish.•CDs@IPA shows different solid fluorescent colors under different UV lamps and green visible room temperature phosphorescence to the naked eyes for 5 s.