Characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell considering “dot matrix” gas distribution zones and waveform staggered flow field with cooling channels

•The oxygen concentration errors at each length are 2.46%, 6.16% and 10.36%•The net output power density at 3 atm is 0.403 W∙cm-2 higher than that at 1 atm.•It is more effective when cooling flow direction is consistent with oxygen.•Counter-flow facilitates the water hydration level of the membrane.•The non-isothermal thermal condition leads to uneven temperature distribution.