Cluster-Enhanced Ensemble Learning for Mapping Global Monthly Surface Ozone From 2003 to 2019

Surface ozone is damaging to human health and crop yields. When evaluating global air pollution risk, gridded datasets with high accuracy are desired to reflect the local variations in air pollution concentrations. Here, a cluster-enhanced ensemble machine learning method was used to develop a new 0.5-degree monthly surface ozone data set during 2003-2019 by combining numerous informative variables. The overall accuracy of our data set is 91.5% (90.8% for space and 92.3% for time). Historically, populations in South Asia, North Africa and Middle-East, and High-income North America are exposed to the highest ozone concentrations. Globally, the population weighted ozone concentration in the peak season is 47.07 ppbv. Our results highlight that ozone pollution is intensifying in some regions, and implicate air quality management is crucial to secure human health from air pollution.