Isocyanates may contribute to allergic contact dermatitis from diabetes devices and wound dressings

Background Isocyanates are well-known occupational allergens, but can also be present in medical devices. Objectives To highlight that contact sensitization to isocyanates might contribute to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from polyurethane (PU)-containing diabetes devices and wound dressings. Patients and Methods Nineteen patients with suspected ACD from diabetes devices and/or wound dressings were patch tested to an isocyanate series. Four wound dressings, six diabetes devices and four monomeric isocyanate patch test preparations were analysed with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Results Eight patients reacted to isocyanates and corresponding amines: 3 to isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 4 to 4,4 '-diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), 4 to 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 1 to polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI). Three of four wound dressings contained isocyanates (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate [MDI], TDI and/or IPDI), whereas five of six diabetes devices contained 4,4 '-MDI, and one of them also IPDI. None of the medical devices contained 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. Contrary to IPDI, and especially MDI, only the concentration of the TDI patch test preparation corresponded approximately (80%) to its label. Conclusion Patch tests with isocyanates may be worth-while in patients with suspected ACD from PU-containing medical devices. Besides MDA, and PMDI, also TDI might potentially be a marker for MDI-sensitization.