Progress on the material, physics, and device of topological superconductors for quantum computing

Since the "Moore's law" has approached its limit, many alternative computing methods have been proposed, among which quantum computing is the most concerned and widely studied. Due to the openness of quantum system, the uncontrollable external factors will lead to quantum dissipation and decoherence. In order to avoid the decoherence of quantum superposition state, the fabrication of robust quantum bits has become one of the key factors. Majorana zero mode (MZM) is a quasi-particle emerging in the topological and superconducting hybrid system. It has non-Abelian statistical properties. Therefore, the topological qubit constructed by MZM has natural robustness to quantum decoherence. Despite the arduous exploration by various experimental groups, the experimental verification of MZM is still lacking. This paper reviews the history and main technical routes of quantum computing, focusing on the theory of topological superconductors, observable experimental phenomena, and the latest experimental progress. Furthermore we discuss and analyze the present situation of the topological superconductor research. Finally, we give prospects on future experiments and applications of topological superconductors in quantum computing.