Structures, properties, and applications of nitrogen-doped graphene

Nitrogen-doped (N-doped) graphene has attracted significant interest because of its extraordinary properties and various applications. The desired properties and applications can be controlled by the morphology. Some common configurations in N-doped graphene include pyridinic, pyrrolic, and graphitic (quaternary) N. Direct synthesis methods and postsynthesis methods were used for producing diverse structures of N-doped graphene. Some of those methods are mentioned in this chapter. N-doped graphene produced with different configurations of nitrogen doping, types of defects, and atomic percentages of nitrogen content available in the literature was highlighted. Importance of different characterization techniques used for N-doped graphene has been reviewed. This chapter also covers computational investigations of N-doped graphene with varying percentages of N atoms. The goal of this chapter is to understand the structural, electronic, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties of N-doped graphene. Finally, the applications of N-doped graphene including energy, catalysis, and sensor are provided.