Functional Analysis Methodology: Best Practices and Considerations

Functional analysis (FA) methodology is a well-established standard for identifying the precise conditions that evoke and maintain problem behavior, thus leading to effective, function-based interventions (Beavers et al. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 46:1–21, 2013; Hanley et al. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 36:147–185, 2003; Hagopian et al., 2013). Although considered best practice, many behavior analysts report not conducting FAs prior to intervention due to implementation barriers including potential safety concerns and insufficient time (Oliver et al. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 48:817–829, 2015; Roscoe et al., 2015). Over the past two decades, a tremendous amount of research has been conducted to address these and other commonly reported barriers to FA implementation (e.g., JABA Special Issue on FA methodology, 2013, volume 46, issue 1). The outcomes of these studies suggest methodological refinements that offer a wide range of solutions to previously described barriers, resulting in an overall improved approach toward conducting FAs in practice. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of FA methodology, review best practice considerations for designing and conducting FAs, provide recommendations for analyzing FA outcomes, and review procedural modifications that can be applied to address implementation challenges in various contexts and situations.