Development and psychometric testing of the sense of belonging in nursing school scale

Background and Purpose: While sense of belonging is essential for human motivation, impaired belonging among nurses can impact the care and safety of patients. This article reports the development and psychometric testing of the Sense of Belonging in Nursing School (SBNS) scale to assess nursing students' sense of belonging in three different environments: Clinical, classroom, and among the student cohort. Method: Principal component exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to determine the construct validity on the 36-item SBNS scale with a sample of 110 undergraduate nursing students. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the scale's internal consistency. Results: The scale was reduced to 19-items with high internal consistency (alpha = 0.914). Principal component analysis then identified four factors (sub-scales) with high internal consistency: Clinical staff (alpha = 0.904), clinical instructor (alpha = 0.926), classroom (alpha = 0.902), and classmates/cohort (alpha = 0.952). Conclusion: The SBNS scale is a reliable and valid tool to measure sense of belonging across three environments among nursing students. Further research is needed to determine the scale's predictive validity.