Huoxin pill prevents excessive inflammation and cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction by inhibiting adverse Wnt/β‑catenin signaling activation

Graphical illustration summarizing the method of Huoxin Pill (HXP) in preventing excessive inflammation and cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction by inhibiting adverse Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. (Left panel) Following MI, Wnt/β-catenin becomes aberrantly activated, causing inhibition of the GSK-3b/Axin2 complex and leading to the accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin that activates Wnt target genes such as Tcf. This in turn facilitates the degradation of IκB via the βTrCP-ubiquitin ligase receptor complex, thus increasing the nuclear localization and activation of NF-κB.(Right panel) HXP inhibits the activation of Wnt/catenin signaling pathway following MI, causing activation of the GSK-3b/Axin2 complex and leading to the phosphorylation of β-catenin in the cytoplasm that is targeted for proteasomal degradation. This in turn inhibits Wnt β-catenin localization within the nucleus, thus decreasing the nuclear translocation and activation of NF-κB.Image, graphical abstract