Identifying High-energy Neutrino Transients by Neutrino Multiplet-triggered Follow-ups

Transient sources such as supernovae (SNe) and tidal disruption events are candidates of high-energy neutrino sources. However, SNe commonly occur in the universe and a chance coincidence of their detection with a neutrino signal cannot be avoided, which may lead to a challenge of claiming their association with neutrino emission. In order to overcome this difficulty, we propose a search for similar to 10-100 TeV multiple neutrino events within a timescale of similar to 30 days coming from the same direction, called neutrino multiplets. We show that demanding multiplet detection by a similar to 1 km(3) neutrino telescope limits the distances of detectable neutrino sources, which enables us to identify source counterparts by multiwavelength observations owing to the substantially reduced rate of the chance coincidence detection of transients. We apply our results by constructing a feasible strategy for optical follow-up observations and demonstrate that wide-field optical telescopes with a greater than or similar to 4 m dish should be capable of identifying a transient associated with a neutrino multiplet. We also present the resultant sensitivity of multiplet neutrino detection as a function of the released energy of neutrinos and burst rate density. A model of neutrino transient sources with an emission energy greater than a few x 10(51) erg and a burst rate rarer than a few x10(-8) Mpc(-3) yr(-1) is constrained by the null detection of multiplets by a similar to 1 km(3) scale neutrino telescope. This already disfavors the canonical high-luminosity gamma-ray bursts and jetted tidal disruption events as major sources in the TeV-energy neutrino sky.