Surgical selection and prognostic analysis in patients with unilateral sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma

Purpose The extent of thyroid surgery and cervical lymph node dissection of unilateral sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (sMTC) is still controversial, and the aim of this study was to investigate whether hemithyroidectomy was adequate as a locally curative surgery for patients with unilateral sMTC. Methods This study is a retrospective case series of patients with sMTC who underwent curative total thyroidectomy or hemithyroidectomy in our institution from January 2011 to December 2019. Results In total, 129 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled including 49 (38.0%) patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and 80 (62.0%) patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy. About 80 (62.0%) patients achieved a biochemical cure (BC), whereas there was no significant difference between two groups in biochemical cure rate (61.2% versus 62.5%, P = 0.885). A logistic regression analysis showed a strong negative correlation between the factors of preoperative calcitonin level and pTNM stage and biochemical cure. In the log-rank test, no significant difference in OS ( P = 0.314) and DFS ( P = 0.409) was found between the two surgical groups. Lateral cervical lymph node metastasis and pTNM stage were significant prognostic factors affecting DFS in univariate analysis; moreover, absence of biochemical cure, tumor size ≥ 4 cm and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors of unilateral sMTC patients in our analysis. Conclusion For patients with unilateral sMTC, hemithyroidectomy was adequate as a locally curative surgery, because the patients underwent total thyroidectomy did not benefit more from it in the aspects of BC/OS/RFS, while the postoperative increasing incidence rate of postoperative hypocalcemia could not improve patients’ quality of life.