Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Banana and Its Application in Silage Fermentation of Defective Banana

To effectively utilize banana by-products, we prepared silage with defective bananas using screened lactic acid bacteria (LAB), sucrose, and tannase as additives. Eleven strains of LAB were isolated from the fruits and flowers of defective bananas, all of which were Gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria that produced lactic acid from glucose. Among these LAB, homofermentative strain CG1 was selected as the most suitable silage additive due to its high lactic acid production and good growth in a low pH environment. Based on its physiological and biochemical properties and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CG1 was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Defective bananas contain 74.8-76.3% moisture, 7.2-8.2% crude protein, 5.9-6.5% ether extract, and 25.3-27.8% neutral detergent fibre on a dry matter basis. After 45 d of fermentation, the silage of deficient bananas treated with LAB or sucrose alone improved fermentation quality, with significantly (p < 0.05) lower pH and higher lactic acid contents than the control. The combination of LAB and sucrose had a synergistic effect on the fermentation quality of silage. The tannase-treated silage significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the tannin content, while the combination of tannase and LAB in silage not only decreased (p < 0.05) the tannin content, but also improved the fermentation quality. The study confirmed that defective bananas are rich in nutrients, can prepare good quality silage, and have good potential as a feed source for livestock.