The functions of a reservoir offset voltage applied to physically defined p-channel Si quantum dots

We propose and define a reservoir offset voltage as a voltage commonly applied to both reservoirs of a quantum dot and study the functions in p-channel Si quantum dots. By the reservoir offset voltage, the electrochemical potential of the quantum dot can be modulated. In addition, when quantum dots in different channels are capacitively coupled, the reservoir offset voltage of one of the QDs can work as a gate voltage for the others. Our results show that the technique will lead to reduction of the number of gate electrodes, which is advantageous for future qubit integration.