Phenolic Composition, In-vitro Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Cardaria draba Different Parts

The plant Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. subsp. draba (Brassicaceae), is traditionally used for various ailments in different cultures. We investigated different solvent extracts such as methanol, ethanol, and water extracts obtained from flowers, leaves, stems, and roots of C. draba for their chemical composition, as well as antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase). RP-HPLC technique was used to determine the phenolic profile of each extracts. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by using DPPH and ABTS method, total phenol and flavonoid content analysis, and iron chelating assay. Enzyme inhibitory potential was evaluated by 96-microplate method. According to the results, aqueous extract of flower demonstrated the highest total phenolic content (64.32 µgGAE/ mg), while leaf ethanol extract showed the highest total flavonoid content (141.47 µgQE/ mg) among all extracts. The methanol, and water extracts of flowers were the most effective DPPH scavenger while aqueous extract of flower was the most active on ABTS scavenging. It is shown that the extracts possess promising activity against α-glucosidase than α-amylase enzyme. The methanolic extract of flower showed anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, and the ethanolic extract of the stem exhibited the best anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity among the 12 extracts. As for the anti-tyrosinase activity, higher kojic acid equivalent values were found for the aqueous extracts of roots and leaves. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study may serve as the basis for the bioassay-guided isolation of active compounds and the development of novel drugs from Cardaria draba.