On the Significance of Category Prediction for Code-Comment Synchronization

Software comments sometimes are not promptly updated in sync when the associated code is changed. The inconsistency between code and comments may mislead the developers and result in future bugs. Thus, studies concerning code-comment synchronization have become highly important, which aims to automatically synchronize comments with code changes. Existing code-comment synchronization approaches mainly contain two types, i.e., (1) deep learning-based (e.g., CUP), and (2) heuristic-based (e.g., HebCUP). The former constructs a neural machine translation-structured semantic model, which has a more generalized capability on synchronizing comments with software evolution and growth. However, the latter designs a series of rules for performing token-level replacements on old comments, which can generate the completely correct comments for the samples fully covered by their fine-designed heuristic rules. In this article, we propose a composite approach named CBS (i.e., Classifying Before Synchronizing) to further improve the code-comment synchronization performance, which combines the advantages of CUP and HebCUP with the assistance of inferred categories of Code-Comment Inconsistent (CCI) samples. Specifically, we firstly define two categories (i.e., heuristic-prone and non-heuristic-prone) for CCI samples and propose five features to assist category prediction. The samples whose comments can be correctly synchronized by HebCUP are heuristic-prone, while others are non-heuristic-prone. Then, CBS employs our proposed Multi-Subsets Ensemble Learning (MSEL) classification algorithm to alleviate the class imbalance problem and construct the category prediction model. Next, CBS uses the trained MSEL to predict the category of the new sample. If the predicted category is heuristic-prone, CBS employs HebCUP to conduct the code-comment synchronization for the sample, otherwise, CBS allocates CUP to handle it. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that CBS statistically significantly outperforms CUP and HebCUP, and obtains an average improvement of 23.47%, 22.84%, 3.04%, 3.04%, 1.64%, and 19.39% in terms of Accuracy, Recall@5, Average Edit Distance (AED), Relative Edit Distance (RED), BLEU-4, and Effective Synchronized Sample (ESS) ratio, respectively, which highlights that category prediction for CCI samples can boost the code-comment synchronization performance.