Novel biological markers for the diagnosis and prediction of mortality risk in patients with pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism (PE) ranks third in the structure of death causes among all cardiovascular diseases after myocardial infarction and stroke. That is why the timely and earliest possible diagnosis of venous thromboembolism is of particular importance, which will help improve both short-term and long-term patient prognosis. Given the low specificity of current laboratory parameters, such as D-dimer, NT-proBNP, cardiac troponin I, there is an urgent need to search for new biomarkers that can improve the quality of detection and stratification of VTE, including PE. A diagnostic and prognostic test for PE must be accurate, safe, easily accessible and inexpensive, as well as reproducible and non-invasive.This review presents the currently available literature data on the latest laboratory parameters that characterize right ventricular dysfunction due to PE and provide an evidence base for stratification of the death risk in this category of patients.