{101̄2} twinning in single-crystal titanium under shock loading

We employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the evolution dynamics of {101¯2} twinning in single-crystal Ti under shock loading. The shock compression applied perpendicular to the c-axis leads to the activation of {101¯2} twins in single-crystal Ti. We find the twin variant activation for each case of the applied loading conditions follows Schmid criterion. However, the time for the activation of twin variants is not the same even with equal Schmid factor. The evolution and dominance of twin variants in each case of the applied loading conditions do not depend on the Schmid factor. High nucleation events and low overall twin volume fraction occur for the case where two conjugate pairs of twin variants activate while low nucleation events and high overall twin volume fraction occur for the case where only one conjugate pair of twin variants activate. Twin nucleation takes place throughout the simulation time for each case of the applied loading conditions. High twin growth occurs for the case where only one conjugate pair of twin variants activate in comparison to the case where two conjugate pairs of twin variants activate. This indicates that the number of activated twin variants affects the growth rate of the twins.