Nutritive Value of Roselle and Anti-anemic Effect of Its Beverages in Male Rats Exposed to Lead Toxicity: Comparative Study

In Egypt, both iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and lead pollution represent formidable health challenges. This study was conducted to identify the nutritive value of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) dried red calyces and compare the protective anti-anemic effects of cold and hot beverages of Roselle (CRB and HRB, respectively) in lead –intoxicated rats. Thirty two adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups, including a normal control group, while other groups were administered lead acetate (20 mg/kg/24h) and kept untreated (group 2), or received CRB and HRB (0.5 mL/100 g b.w./24h), respectively for 6 weeks. Finally, body weight gain was calculated. Serum lead and some anemia –related minerals were determined. Besides, liver antioxidant capacity and hematological indices in serum and whole blood were evaluated. Moreover, Roselle dried red calyces were chemically analyzed, while some physicochemical analyses were performed in both beverages. Results indicated the high nutritional value of dried Roselle red calyces, as they are good source of calories, protein and vitamin C. Moreover, they are rich in carbohydrates, fiber, calcium, iron and zinc. Biologically, lead exposure caused a significant increase in serum lead which in turn induced overweight, hematologic disorders, along with oxidative stress. Due to its higher anthocyanin content and total antioxidant activity, CRB was more efficient than HRB in preventing the toxic effects of lead. Accordingly, the present study confirms that dried Roselle red calyces are good source of health promoters and strongly indicates the protective effect of cold Roselle beverage against lead acetate -induced IDA.