Physicochemical characterization of nanomaterials for production of biofuel and bioenergy

Nanotechnology and nanoscience are considered to be the “hot” research areas of the decade and have attracted the attention of many researchers. The discovery of sophisticated nanomaterial characterization techniques has accelerated their research. The application of numerous morphological and physicochemical characterization tools for effectively resolving their shape, charge, size, surface coatings, and functional groups has improved the human understanding of the nanoworld. Furthermore, these techniques are vital to resolve the tolerable variation in surface chemistry without altering the material characteristics. This chapter sheds light on the most commonly used physicochemical characterization tools, to study nanoscale materials for biofuel production. The most commonly used techniques are reported in this chapter.