Application of new approaches for intestinal repair and regeneration via stem cell–based tissue engineering

Despite recent progresses in the study of intestinal stem cells, organoid culture, and tissue-engineered intestine, there are many challenges that face the regeneration of small intestine probably due to its complex architecture and function. Developing novel methodology and technology to improve small intestinal repair and regeneration, particularly using large animals with gastrointestinal system that is similar to humans to verify murine model study results will enhance the clinical applications of these engineered intestines. In this chapter, we briefly outline the structure and cellular components of the small intestine and then describe the major stem cell types used in small intestine regeneration, including pluripotent stem cell–derived cells, adult intestinal stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. We also discuss recent progress in both the development of biological tissue-engineered grafts and tissue-engineered small intestines. Finally, we describe the role of stem cell–based transplantation in intestinal regeneration.