The Role of Modified Chitosan in Bone Engineering in Diabetes Mellitus: Analytical Review

The review is devoted to the state of the problem during the reconstruction of bone defects in the maxillofacial region, topical issues of the mechanisms of biopolymers action, mainly chitosan, during stimulation of angiogenesis and osteogenesis under conditions of the formation of bone cavities of critical size in the maxillofacial area, as well as under conditions of the development of an inflammatory process with Mellitus diabetes. In the analysis of research papers, the international information bases Web of Science, Scopus, PMC free article, PubMed, Google Scholar were used, mainly over the past 12 years. The main emphasis in the scientific review is placed on the points of application of the chitosan biopolymer in the implementation of already known signaling pathways for the regulation of osteogenesis. Studies have shown that chitosan, as an independent polymer, and especially chitosan copolymers, play an important role in the regulation of osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis, reducing the osteoclastic response, preventing osteomalacia of the alveolar ridge, accelerating the formation of a new well-vascularized bone.