Effect of 2D Ice Accretion on Trailing-Edge Noise

This paper presents an effect of 2D ice accretion on the formation of ice-induced flow separation, the development of turbulent boundary layer, and the resulting trailing-edge noise. Ice accretion on a NACA0012 airfoil is studied and analyzed by using open source CFD tools, such as Gmsh for mesh generation and OpenFOAM for RANS CFD, in conjunction with an empirical wall pressure spectrum model to predict trailing-edge noise. Validations of tools against measurement data are presented. Liquid water content, freestream velocity, and ambient temperature are varied to observe the impact of flow conditions on the ice accretion shape and the resulting boundary layer flow characteristics at the trailing edge. It is found that a more significant leading edge deformation due to ice accretion generates larger ice-induced flow separation bubbles, which causes the trailing-edge boundary layer thicknesses to increase. As a result, an increase in low- and mid-frequency noise is observed.