The Effects of App-Based Feedback on Students’ Sport Knowledge in Sport Education Badminton Season

Introduction Sport education is a curriculum model that helps students to be a competent, literate, and enthusiastic sportsperson (Siedentop et al., 2020). The effectiveness of the model on badminton skill development has been demonstrated by previous literature (Hastie et al., 2011). Along with the skill development, cognitive outcomes (e.g., sport-specific knowledge) are considered to be important parts of one’s performance in sports. Cognition of ‘how to play’ in a sport is associated with improved performances (Thomas & Thomas, 1994). Therefore, teaching sport knowledge is important to enhance the effectiveness of practice and gameplay. Thomas and Thomas (1994) described the three concepts of sport knowledge in performance: (a) declarative (factual information, such as rules), (b) procedural (techniques and tactics), and (c) strategic knowledge (knowing how to learn). Given that the nature of sport knowledge has great potential to be developed for all levels of players (Dexter, 1999), it is important to dive into diverse ways to boost students’ cognitive learning while playing sports in physical education. Using advanced video technology, such as motion analysis mobile applications (Apps) with a feature of live capture for instant feedback, may enhance cognitive learning outcomes in physical education. Video technology has grown rapidly to support learning in physical education over the past decades (Palao et al., 2015; Rikli & Smith, 1980; van Wieringen et al., 1989). However, little is known about the effectiveness of a motion analysis App on students’ sport knowledge enhancement in sport education. Therefore, the App-based feedback was examined to identify its effectiveness on students’ sport knowledge enhancement during sport education badminton season. Introduction Sport education is a curriculum model that helps students to be a competent, literate, and enthusiastic sportsperson (Siedentop et al., 2020). The effectiveness of the model on badminton skill development has been demonstrated by previous literature (Hastie et al., 2011). Along with the skill development, cognitive outcomes (e.g., sport-specific knowledge) are considered to be important parts of one’s performance in sports. Cognition of ‘how to play’ in a sport is associated with improved performances (Thomas & Thomas, 1994). Therefore, teaching sport knowledge is important to enhance the effectiveness of practice and gameplay. Thomas and Thomas (1994) described the three concepts of sport knowledge in performance: (a) declarative (factual information, such as rules), (b) procedural (techniques and tactics), and (c) strategic knowledge (knowing how to learn). Given that the nature of sport knowledge has great potential to be developed for all levels of players (Dexter, 1999), it is important to dive into diverse ways to boost students’ cognitive learning while playing sports in physical education. Using advanced video technology, such as motion analysis mobile applications (Apps) with a feature of live capture for instant feedback, may enhance cognitive learning outcomes in physical education. Video technology has grown rapidly to support learning in physical education over the past decades (Palao et al., 2015; Rikli & Smith, 1980; van Wieringen et al., 1989). However, little is known about the effectiveness of a motion analysis App on students’ sport knowledge enhancement in sport education. Therefore, the App-based feedback was examined to identify its effectiveness on students’ sport knowledge enhancement during sport education badminton season.