RADI-23. Exploring the optimal timing of routine initial surveillance MRI following treatment of brain metastases with stereotactic radiosurgery: a comparison of two approaches

Abstract Purpose To measure the value of early initial surveillance MRI scans in patients with brain metastases undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), as MRI scans are a significant cost and patient stressor. Methods We identified a retrospective cohort of patients with brain metastases treated with SRS and followed at a single institution with scheduled 6-week or 12-week initial surveillance MRI. Imaging interval was based on policy of different providers. Outcome measures included new/progressive lesions, salvage treatment, detection of new lesions before symptoms, and use of surgical resection. Results Two hundred patients were included: 100 consecutive patients scanned with 6-week and 12-week imaging. Eighty-seven and 74 patients in each group had available follow-up imaging and were analyzed. Median time to MRI was 6.7 weeks and 13.5 (p<.001). No difference in primary site, prior SRS, number of treated brain metastases, or use of targeted therapy/immune checkpoint inhibitors was detected. A lower percentage of patients with 6-week MRI had controlled extracranial disease at initial treatment (30% vs 47%,p=.003). Twenty-eight percent with 6-week MRI had findings concerning for new/progressive disease, compared to 47% with 3-month MRI (p=0.01). Fifteen percent (10/87) with 6-week MRI underwent intervention (i.e. SRS, whole brain radiotherapy, or surgery) compared to 34% (20/74) with 12-week MRI (p=0.004). Of patients receiving SRS, a higher percentage had new/worsening neurologic symptoms (45% vs 30%) at follow-up although a lower percentage had new lesions >1cm (20% vs 50%) when discovered. One patient in each group underwent surgical salvage. Conclusion While shorter 6-week interval MRI surveillance post-SRS may detect new/progressive disease less frequently than 12-week MRI surveillance intervals, short interval MRI may be more likely to detect new/progressive lesions before symptoms develop. Surgical salvage was uncommon with either schedule. Further study may identify a high-risk subgroup who would benefit from early surveillance.