Multimodal Approach to Surgical Pain Management in Weaner Pigs: A Clinical Trial

The use of two or more classes of analgesics that act by different modes of action within the pain pathways, leading to additive or, even synergistic analgesia, even synergistic analgesia has been documented as nociceptive information is known to be transmitted tthrough numerous anatomical pathways and by multiple substances. Three patients were scheduled for ovariohysterectomy (OVH), resection and anastomosis and right radical nephrectomy. They received 0.05mgkg-1 1% atropine and 0.01mgkg-1 dexmedetomidine as premedicants; induced and maintained with ketamine 10mgkg-1and 5mgkghr-1 respectively, 200µgkg-1 butorphanol and 0.03mgkg-1 buprenorphine as analgesics and 5mgkg-1 meloxicam post-operatively . Anaesthestic indices (duration and quality of anaesthesia, analgesia and the quality of induction) were recorded. Physiological variables (heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse rate, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation and rectal temperature) were measured at 0, thereafter at 15 minutes interval post treatment for one hour. Observed parameters were statistically analyzed by using independent sample ‘t’ test. P