The concept of family engagement in education: What are the implications for school‐based rehabilitation service providers?

The concept of family engagement within the rehabilitation literature focuses on clinic-based therapy sessions and is not particularly relevant to therapists working in school settings. In this study, we explored the concept of family engagement as represented in the education literature to provide school-based therapists with a better understanding of this concept in the school context. We applied scoping review methods for the literature search and screening process, and utilised concept evaluation methodology for our analysis of included articles. Specifically, we examined concept evaluation components, including definition, characteristics, boundaries, preconditions, and outcomes. The search strategy yielded 7112 documents, of which 17 met inclusion criteria. We did not find a clear definition of family engagement in the extant literature; however, there were some common characteristics. Our analysis of boundaries indicated family engagement and parent involvement are not synonymous but are closely linked. We also identified several preconditions for family engagement in education, including: an inviting and inclusive school culture; a broad understanding of engagement; positive educator-family relationships; and families' confidence, beliefs and supportive life contexts. Associated outcomes included academic achievement, high school completion and child social-emotional functioning. We proposed a broad definition based on our analysis of the included articles. Adopting a broad definition of family engagement is important for educators and school-based therapists to ensure families feel their efforts are meaningful. Educators and school-based therapists should consider their actions in supporting the individual needs of families, and the identified preconditions that support family engagement.