Activities of Acetylcholinesterase, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Clarias gariepinus Exposed to ‘Uproot’, a Glyphosate–Based Herbicide

In this study, Clarias gariepinus were exposed to different concentrations (60, 80 and 100 mg/L) of Uproot, a glyphosate-based herbicide and the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), hepatic enzyme markers, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers were determined in serum, gills, liver and brain by using standard assays. Results showed that AChE activity was not significantly inhibited. Activities of ALT, AST and ALP increased (P < 0.05) with increasing exposures. For SOD, elevated (P < 0.05) activities were observed in all tissues at 60 mg/L exposure, but decreased at 80 mg/L and 100 mg/L concentrations. The activity of CAT reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in brain at 100 mg/L exposure. Increased production of NO was observed in gill and brain whereas in serum it is increased. GPx was elevated in gills and reduced in brain and liver. Gills showed lower MDA concentrations. GST was el evated in liver and brain, while total protein reduced (P < 0.05) in serum, gill and liver with increasing concentrations of exposure. The impaired activities of antioxidant enzymes and induction of NO suggest a disruption of normal antioxidant response in Clarias gariepinus exposed to glyphosate, and these activities could be used as biomarkers in aquatic environmental contamination