Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome

This chapter discusses the nature and clinical characteristics associated with both pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). Clinical features, etiology and course, and appropriate diagnosis and assessment approaches are discussed. Common comorbid conditions, both psychiatric and medical, associated with PANS are also described. Syndromal features that uniquely characterize PANS presentations of OCD are illustrated. Extent data on immune-focused and psychiatric treatments are discussed, including means for addressing complex presentations and multiply comorbid cases, and interventions in multiple settings (such as school, clinic, and community). The chapter concludes with a discussion of future research.