Imidazoles

Imidazoles and benzimidazoles together with their partly or fully saturated derivatives particularly as carbenes, are very important and useful heterocycles with applications in the chemical, biological, material and pharmaceutical sciences. The general trend of the previous edition has been followed with emphasis on developments regarding structure, reactions and synthesis, reported in the literature from 2007 to 2019. A large part of the current review describes the reactivity and synthesis of conjugated and nonconjugated imidazoles and their substituents whereas theoretical and experimental structure elucidation methods, as well as applications, are also presented.