Energy-Efficient Electrical Stimulation Systems

Electrical stimulation occurs when a cell is excited by using voltage or current pulses. A specialized bioelectronic circuitry is needed to generate the pulse. These circuits consume a certain amount of power to drive the system. The stimulators are mostly implanted inside the body and, hence, impose a strict restriction on power consumption. Restriction on power consumption is key for the safe operation of the system; a large amount of power surge can irreversibly damage the cells and tissues. Hence special attention is given to make electrical stimulators energy efficient and safe. The chapter will overview electrical stimulation strategies, architectures, circuit methods, and applications of electrical stimulation.