Serum ANGPTL4 and FGF2, energy-related blood biochemicals, cytokine responses and oxidative stress in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the serum levels of ANGPTL4, FGF21, IL-1 beta, IL-6, SOD, MDA, and serum biochemical and hematological parameters in cows with subclinical ketosis. The mean serum beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) level was 1.37 +/- 0.04 mmol/L in 10 dairy cows aged 3-5 years that were <21 days postpartum and diagnosed with subclinical ketosis. The mean serum BHB level was 0.40 +/- 0.08 mmol/L in 10 healthy dairy cows in the same period and in the same age range. An increase in serum AST (P<0.001) and a decrease in serum albumin levels (P<0.05) indicated altered liver functions. An increase in serum non-esterified fatty acid (P<0.001) and decreases in serum HDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels (P<0.05) were interpreted as indicators of increased metabolic pathology risk due to negative energy balance. Increases in serum ANGPTL4, FGF2, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and MDA (P<0.001) and SOD levels (P<0.05) were evaluated as indicators of the development of effective metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress. It was concluded that significant increases in serum ANGPTL4, FGF2, IL- 1 beta, IL-6, and MDA and SOD levels in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis were associated with negative energy balance, effective cytokine responses, and oxidative stress.