Spatial distribution of arsenic in groundwater in the northwestern Hanoi

Arsenic contamination in groundwater is commonly found in alluvial plains of major river basins, in which the Red river delta has also been reported to be contaminated with high levels of arsenic. In this study, groundwater from 50 household wells was collected to study the spatial distribution of arsenic in northwestern Hanoi. The results showed that arsenic concentration in groundwater varied in a wide range of less than 5 to 334 μg/l, of which up 62% of the wells exceeded the WHO guideline value of 10 μg/l for arsenic content in drinking water. Arsenic groundwater in this area is unevenly distributed throughout the area, high arsenic concentrations are found in a narrow band between Red river and Day river. This pattern of arsenic distribution is strongly related to the sediment age, sedimentary processes, and it is also modified by local groundwater flow parts and the occurrence of hydraulic connection between aquifers, which are observed in the study area. Arsenic is released into the groundwater during the reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing minerals under the presence of organic matter.