Antimicrobial, antioxidant, tyrosinase activities and volatile compounds of the Essential oil and Solvent Extract of Epilobium hirsutum L. growing in Turkey

TThe essential oil (EO), solid phase micro extraction (SPME), and SPME of n-hexane extract of Epilobium hirsutum L. were analyzed by GC-FID/MS. A total of 35, 20, and 32 compounds were identified from E. hirsutum, accounting for 98.2% in HD, 97.6% in SPME, and 98.8% in SPME of n-hexane extract, respectively. The EO and SPME consisted mainly of alcohol (HD: 51.5% vs. SPME: 30.8%). Aromatic hydrocarbons (57.1%) was the major compounds for the SPME of n-hexane extract. Monoterpenes were the minor constituents for the EO (2.3%) and SPME (3.1%) of the E. hirsutum. (Z)-3-Hexene-1-ol (46.5%), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (18.2%), and cyclohexanone (38%) were major compounds for the EO, SPME, and SPME of n-hexane of the E. hirsutum, respectively. The comparative study gave that the total amount of monoterpenoids (6.3%) was found only in the EO of E. hirsutum. The antimicrobial activity of EO and solvent extracts (n-hexane, methanol, and water) of E. hirsutum were screened in vitro against nine microorganisms. The EO resulted the best activity (10 mm) against Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial activity for the methanol extract of E. hirsutum against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Mycobacterium smegmatis was found to be 12 mm, 12 mm, and 16 mm inhibition zone, respectively. Methanol extract gave moderate active against the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus within 6-8 mm, respectively. Antioxidant activity of water extract were found to be 12.7647±0.0145 µm (CUPRAC) and 0.034 mg/mL (IC50, DPPH). IC50 values for the tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity for the methanol, and water extracts was determined to be 0.196±0.013 µg/mL and 0.160±0.09 µg/mL, respectively.