Prognostic factors associated with implant loss, disease progression or favorable outcomes after peri‐implantitis surgical therapy

Background The treatment of the peri-implantitis remains complex and challenging with no consensus on which is the best treatment approach. Purpose To examine the key local and systemic factors associated with implant loss, disease progression, or favorable outcomes after surgical peri-implantitis therapy. Materials and Methods Records of patients treated for peri-implantitis were screened. Patient-, implant- and surgery-related variables on and prior to the day of the surgery were collected (T0: time of peri-implantitis treatment). If the treated implant was still in function when the data was collected, the patient invited to participate for a recall study visit (T1, longest follow-up after treatment). Impacts of the variables on the implant survival, success, and peri-implant bone change after treatment were investigated. Results Eighty patients with 121 implants with a mean follow-up of 42.6 +/- 26.3 months were included. A total of 22 implants (18.2%) were removed during the follow-up period. When relative bone loss (%) was in range 25%-50%, risk for implant removal increased 15 times compared to lower bone loss <25% (OR = 15.2; CI: 2.06-112.7; p = 0.008). Similarly, relative bone loss of >50% increased 20 times the risk of implant failure compared to the <25% (OR = 20.2; CI: 2.42-169.6; p = 0.006). For post-treatment success rate, history of periodontitis significantly increased the risk of unsuccess treatment (OR = 3.07; p = 0.04) after resective surgery). Conclusion Severe bone loss (>50%) poses significantly higher risk of treatment failure.