Improvement of CAR-T cell therapy using IL-15 membrane and anti-PD-L1 using different transposon vectors

Introduction: Inducing the immune system to fight tumors has become one of the alternatives to treat cancer, among them there is the treatment with CAR-T cells, which consists of modifying the patient’s T cells to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). CARs will guide T cells to recognize and eliminate the tumor. This therapy has shown promise for some cancers, particularly B-cell-derived leukemia, and lymphoma. Despite its first FDA approval nearly 5 years ago, access to this therapy is still selective as it requires highly specialized and equipped laboratories, and its high cost. One of the main aspects is the use of viral vectors for CAR insertion. An alternative is to use transposon-derived non-viral vectors, such as Sleeping Beauty (SB) or PiggyBac (PB), which have already been shown to be safe and efficient. Furthermore, it is possible to add therapeutic molecules such as cytokines and checkpoint blockers along with the CAR to modulate the immune response and tumor microenvironment.