Evaluation of the Role of Serum Interleukin-1 Beta in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common eczematous skin disease that is chronically relapsing. Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) is a pivotal agonist member of the IL-1 family that plays a master role in the induction of an adequate immune response to regulate the sweeping of the diseased cells physiologically. Objective: The aim was to clarify the possible participation of a certain IL (IL-1 beta) in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Patients and Methods: This case-control study has been conducted in the Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department at Zagazig University Hospitals. Our present study included 30 atopic patients and 30 apparently healthy control subjects of matched age and sex. Serum IL-1β level was measured. Results: Gender had no significant effect on serum Il-1β in all groups. Duration of the disease showed a non-significant positive one in atopic patients. The severity of the disease showed a significant positive correlation in atopic patients and similarly, the disease score did. There was a significant difference in serum IL-1β among the three degrees of severity in a topic patients. Conclusion: IL-1β serum level was found in patients with moderate to severe cases of atopic dermatitis, marking the systemic inflammatory nature of these diseases. On the other hand, IL-1β serum level was around normal values in the control group. These mentioned findings were supported by the statistical evaluations on the relationship between serum IL-1β level, severity scores of AD (SCORAD score) and clinical observations.