<i>Shigella</i> Strain Has Developed Non-Studied Pathogenicity Mechanisms of Adaptability in the Colonization of Epithelial Cells

According to the World Health Organization, foodborne diseases are a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries including the Republic of Congo. They are responsible for several episodes of diarrhea, especially in children under five years old. There is no reliable epidemiological data on the pathogenicity of the Shigella spp. strains circulating in the whole Republic of Congo drafting this paper. The purpose of this study was to examine the Shigella spp strain pathogenicity close to an environment contaminated with faeces in the city of Brazzaville. As a result, 54 isolates have been associated with Shigella spp. The gastric acid resistance test performed on Shigella Environmental Strain (SES) and Shigella Clinical Strains (SCS) resulted in 38.8% (21/54) and 100% acid resistant, respectively. Shigella spp. Strains (SES and SCS) were ranged in a survival percentage from 11% to 93%. By monitoring Biosurfactant-Like Molecule (BLM) production, we showed that the BLM production of SES and SCS was highly dependent on bacterial culture density involving the Quorum Sensing (QS). S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei and as well as SES and SCS were able to invade and contaminate eggs by colonizing egg yolk. The counting bacteria were ranging from two to 5 × 107 CFU/mL after contamination. Concomitantly, BLM was secreted during the post contamination of poultry eggs with 100% EI24. Further by trying to show the pathogenicity by the hemolysis test, we have shown that SES and SCS were able to show significant areas of lysis on blood agar. Finally, this work has proposed an additional model of cell invasion including biosurfactants during the pre- and post-invasion phases.