Vitex Negundo-Fe₃O₄-CuO green nanocatalyst (VN-Fe₃O₄-CuO): synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyrazole derivatives via the cyclization of isoniazid with pyrazole and their antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and molecular docking studies

Pharmacy College, Vijayanagar, Bangalore 560104, India Mar Thoma Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kattanam Pallickal Post, Alappuzha District, Kerala Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia College of Pharmacy, #71, Silvepura, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore-90, India Circle, Pumpwell, Mangalore 575002, India Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, P.O. Box 1988, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia medicine, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT Background: Previous research has shown that seasonal variations in phytoconstituent levels eventually lead to alterations in the biological activities of the plant materials. The research assessed the effects of seasonal changes on b-sitosterol levels and the anti-fertility properties of two solvated bark extracts (ethanol and water) from Caesalpinia pulcherrima (CP) Linn. in female rats. Materials and methods: Soxhlet and hot reflux extraction with ethanol and water solvents were used to separate the active components from the barks. The phytochemical screening, characterization, and in-vivo antifertility activity in female rats were carried out to determine the presence of bioactive components. Two dosages of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) were chosen based on the results of an acute toxicity investigation. Uterine tissue histopathology was performed to analyze the effects of various treatments. The data was examined and value less than 0.05 was considered to reflect the