Estimation of blood lead levels in the French population using two complementary approaches: Esteban (2014–2016) as part of the human biomonitoring program and the national surveillance system for childhood lead poisoning (2015–2018)

•Two complementary approaches provide an estimation of BLLs in the French population.•We evaluate the incidence of lead poisoning and identify the main exposure risk factors.•Lead poisoning detected in a high number of children, despite prevention efforts.•Decrease in BLLs recorded between 2006 and 2015 (ENNS and Esteban studies).•Multiple risk factors and numerous persistent sources of lead exposure highlighted by Esteban.