PPARGC1A affects inflammatory responses in photodynamic therapy (PDT)-treated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Background: Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is a feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Targeting inflammatory signaling represents prom-ising strategy for IBD treatment regimens.Methods: Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model was established in mice. Histopathological exam-inations were conducted by H&E staining and IHC staining. IL-1 beta, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were tested by ELISA kits. TargetScan was used to predict miRNAs that target PPARGC1A and luciferase activity assay was performed to validate the predicted binding.Results: DSS-induced acute colitis model was successfully established in mice; photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment partially improved DSS-induced colonic damages and cell inflammation. Microarray assays and integrative bioinformatics analysis identified PPARG coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) as a significantly differentially-expressed gene in PDT-treated IBD compared with non-treated IBD. PPARGC1A expression was downregulated in IBD clinical samples, DSS-induced colitis mice colons, and DSS-stimulated colonic epithelial cells, whereas partially upregulated by PDT treatment in DSS-stimulated cells. Single DSS stimulation signifi-cantly promoted cellular inflammation; PDT partially attenuated, whereas sh-PPARGC1A transduction further enhanced DSS effects on cancer cell inflammation. In colitis mice, DSS decreased PPRA-alpha and PPRA-gamma proteins in mice colons; the in vivo effects of DSS were partially attenuated by PDT treatment, whereas amplified by sh-PPARGC1A transduction. Upstream miR-301a-3p targeted and inhibited PPARGC1A expression.Conclusions: Collectively, PPARGC1A, which is downregulated in DSS-induced acute colitis and DSS-stimulated colonic epithelial cells, could be upregulated by PDT treatment. PPARGC1A knockdown could attenuate PDT therapeutic effects on DSS-induced acute colitis and DSS-stimulated colonic epithelial cells.