Ultrabright gamma-ray emission from the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a near-critical-density plasma

An efficient scheme for generating ultrabright gamma-rays from the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a near-critical-density plasma is studied by using the two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation including quantum electrodynamic effects. We investigate the effects of target shape on gamma-ray generation efficiency using three configurations of the solid foils attached behind the near-critical-density plasma: a flat foil without a channel (target 1), a flat foil with a channel (target 2), and a convex foil with a channel (target 3). When an intense laser propagates in a near-critical-density plasma, a large number of electrons are trapped and accelerated to GeV energy, and emit gamma-rays via nonlinear betatron oscillation in the first stage. In the second stage, the accelerated electrons collide with the laser pulse reflected from the foil and emit high-energy, high-density gamma-rays via nonlinear Compton scattering. The simulation results show that compared with the other two targets, target 3 affords better focusing of the laser field and electrons, which decreases the divergence angle of gamma-photons. Consequently, denser and brighter gamma-rays are emitted when target 3 is used. Specifically, a dense gamma-ray pulse with a peak brightness of 4.6 x 10(26) photons/s/mm(2)/mrad(2)/0.1%BW (at 100 MeV) and 1.8 x 10(23) photons/s/mm(2)/mrad(2)/0.1%BW (at 2 GeV) are obtained at a laser intensity of 8.5 x 10(22) W/cm 2 when the plasma density is equal to the critical plasma density n(c). In addition, for target 3, the effects of plasma channel length, foil curvature radius, laser polarization, and laser intensity on the gamma-ray emission are discussed, and optimal values based on a series of simulations are proposed.