Dynamic navigation: Clinical aspects of dynamic navigation Overview and patient cases

Dental implants can be virtually planned with regard to a prosthetically optimal position before the surgical intervention on the basis of 3D data of the hard and soft tissues. Dynamic navigation procedures are then used to transfer their position to the clinical situation on the patient. The advantages of dynamic navigation over template-guided navigation include compatibility with different implant systems, independence from special drilling systems, implantation under visual control, the ability to make uncomplicated intraoperative changes, and easier navigation in distal areas. The results of computer-assisted dynamic navigation are comparable to those of static navigation. Minimum distances from endangered anatomical structures must be maintained for all guided implant insertion procedures. A pronounced learning curve and the avoidance of possible sources of error in data collection and in the transfer of the implant position, such as patient movements, incorrect positioning of the reference markers, or incorrect assignment of the reference markers in the implant planning program, must be taken into account. In this paper, the theoretical aspects of dynamic navigation and the clinical application are discussed in detail on the basis of two treatment cases.