Social representations of coronavirus/COVID-19 in Italy: Psychosocial anchoring to conspiracy beliefs, vaccine hesitancy, and the psychological dimension

From the societal approach of the Theory of Social Representations, this study aimed to investigate the social representations of coronavirus/COVID-19 among the Italian population. By means of an online questionnaire, 599 individuals participated in the research, with a mean age of 38.09 years (SD = 14.44), 62.1% being women. The instrument was composed of sociodemographic questions, free association technique for the inductive term "coronavirus/COVID-19" and scales on conspiracy beliefs, vaccine hesitancy, and psychological dimension. The results allowed us to identify four social representations: "Citizens driven by Social Representations anchored to factual Covid-19 pandemic data," with lower vaccine hesitancy and conspiracy beliefs, and greater faith in science; "Citizens with low confidence in anti-pandemic preventive measures by government," with lower agreement with restriction measures; "Emotional people," with higher agreement with restriction measures and expression of psychological distress; and "Minority group of Citizens driven by denial of Covid-19," with higher vaccine hesitancy and conspiracy beliefs. We discuss the different social representations identified from the psychological and psychosocial anchoring processes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.