Polymeric nanocomposites as sorbents in environmental water analysis, a close view to the synthesis and potential applications

Polymeric nanocomposites have been extensively used as sorbents to extract pollutants from environmental waters before their final instrumental analysis. These materials are highly versatile and can be adapted to a given analytical problem by selecting the polymer/nanomaterial combination adequately. The adaptability of the materials is strengthened by their easy preparation in the laboratory and the different formats (particles, membranes, monoliths, or fibers) in which they can be obtained. This article delivers a general overview of the potential of polymeric nanocomposites, emphasizing the practical aspects (synthesis and microextraction techniques). It aims to inspire researchers by showing the almost endless possibilities of these materials in sample preparation and the main trends in the near future.