Chukochenite, (Li0.5Al0.5)Al2O4, a new lithium oxyspinel mineral from the Xianghualing skarn, Hunan Province, China

Chukochenite, (Li0.5Al0.5)Al2O4, is a new mineral species from the Xianghualing skarn, Hunan Province, southern China. It occurs as subhedral to euhedral crystals up to 200 mu m across in the green rock of Xianghualing skarn, closely associated with fluorite, phlogopite, chrysoberyl, margarite, chlorite, ferronigerite-2N1S, and zinconigerite-2N1S. The crystals are colorless and transparent with a vitreous luster. Chukochenite is brittle with irregular fracture, has a Mohs hardness of 8, and shows light red fluorescence under 253.7 nm UV radiation and light green fluorescence under 365 nm UV radiation. The calculated density is 3.771 g/cm(3). Chukochenite is optically biaxial (-) with alpha = 1.79(2), beta = 1.82(2), and gamma = 1.83(2) (589 nm). The calculated 2 V is 60 degrees, with the optical orientations X, Y, and Z parallel to the crystallographic a, b, and c, respectively. Electron microprobe analysis (Li by LA-ICP-MS) yielded in wt% Al2O3 80.70, Fe2O3 8.16, Li(2)O( )3.68, ZnO 3.25, MnO 2.49, MgO 1.70, Na2O 0.11, CaO 0.08, TiO2 0.02, K2O 0.01, and Cr2O3 0.01 (total 100.24 wt%), giving an empirical formula [(Li0.355Al0.138Na0.005Ca0.002)(Sigma 0.5) (Al0.145Fe0.147+3Mg0.061Zn0.058Mn0.051Si0.001)Sigma(0.463)]Al2O4 on a basis of 4 O atoms per formula unit. Chukochenite is orthorhombic, Imma, a = 5.659 (1), b = 16.898 (1), c = 7.994 (1) angstrom, V= 764.46 (8) angstrom(3), and Z = 12. The nine strongest lines of powder XRD [d in angstrom (I) (hkl)] are: 2.405 (53) (231); 1.996 (29) (260); 1.535 (77) (303); 1.413 (100) (264); 1.260 (52) (2 12 0); 1.068 (36) (1 13 4); 1.039 (61) (503); 0.999 (59) (008); and 0.942 (35) (3 13 4). Chukochenite has a framework structure of spinet with low symmetry (orthorhombic Imma) due to the ordering of Li cations over octahedrally coordinated sites, which has not been previously reported for synthetic (Li0.5Al0.5)Al2O4. This structure type is based on a framework of AlO4 tetrahedra, AlO6, and LiO6 octahedra. AlO6 edge-sharing octahedra form chains along the a axis. AlO6 octahedra and LiO6 octahedra in a 2:1 ratio share edges, forming octahedral chains along b. These octahedral chains are connected by AlO4 tetrahedra and each corner of an AlO4 tetrahedron shares with three AlO6 octahedra or two AlO6 + one LiO6 octahedra. The discovery of chukochenite adds a new perspective on the cation ordering and the mechanism of luminescence and magnetism in (Li0.5Al0.5)Al2O4.