Ethanol spray tubular flame established in a swirling air flow

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science(2022)

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Abstract
•A stable ethanol spray tubular flame is obtained with wide operation ranges and low emissions of CO and NOx.•The ethanol spray and flame structures are characterized by laser diameter analyzing and OH-PLIF imaging.•The flame lift-off characteristics are investigated under various tangential velocities, atomizing gases and ethanol flow rates.•The Damköhler numbers are theoretically assessed to analyze the flame lift-off behavior.
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Key words
Ethanol spray flame,Swirl tubular flame,Flame lift-off,OH-PLIF,Damköhler numbers
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